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Peer-reviewed journal articles
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2025 [link]
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Marisa Brook. The origins of pretend like: A semantic-syntactic puzzle in American English and beyond. Publication of the American Dialect Society (supplement to American Speech), 110(1), 150–168.
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2025 [link]
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Marisa Brook, Emily Blamire, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. A linguistic phoenix: The recycling of very in Canadian English. Language Variation and Change, 37(2), 191–211.
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2024 [link]
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Naomi Nagy and Marisa Brook. Constraints on speech rate: A heritage-language perspective. International Journal of Bilingualism, 28(6), 1115–1134.
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2024 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Obsolescence and abortive changes in variationist approaches to language change. Language and Linguistics Compass, 18(4), e12516. |
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2023 [link]
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Marisa Brook and Emily Blamire. Language play is language variation: Quantitative evidence and what it implies about language change. Language, 99(3), 491–530.
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2023 [link]
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Marisa Brook. As if and as though in Canadian English: Register and the onset of change. English World-Wide, 44(3), 381–402.
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2023 [link]
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Marisa Brook and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Subject relative who in Ontario, Canada: Change from above in a transplanted ecology. Journal of Linguistic Geography, 11(1), 25–37.
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2021 [link]
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Matt Hunt Gardner, Derek Denis, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Be like and the Constant Rate Effect: From the bottom to the top of the S-curve. English Language and Linguistics, 25(2), 281–324.
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2020 [link]
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Marisa Brook. I feel like and it feels like: Two paths to the emergence of epistemic markers. Linguistics Vanguard, 6(1).
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2019 [link]
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Derek Denis, Matt Hunt Gardner, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Peaks and arrowheads of vernacular reorganization. Language Variation and Change, 31(1), 43–67.
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2018 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Taking it up a level: Copy-raising and cascaded tiers of morphosyntactic change. Language Variation and Change, 30(2), 231–260.
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2018 [link]
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Marisa Brook, Bridget L. Jankowski, Lex Konnelly, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. 'I don't come off as timid anymore': Real-time change in early adulthood against the backdrop of the community. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 22(4), 351–374.
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2017 [pdf]
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Marisa Brook. Interactive name databases as an introduction to social factors and graph interpretation. American Speech, 92(2), 264–278.
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2016 [pdf]
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Marisa Brook and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Why does North American English use try to but British English use try and? Let's try and/to figure it out. American Speech, 91(3), 301–326.
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Book chapters
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2026 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Comparative relativizers in American English: A puzzle from the margins of like. In Daniel Duncan and Mary Robinson, English Sociosyntax: Theory, Evidence, Approaches (Topics in English Linguistics), 99–124. De Gruyter Mouton.
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2025
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Marisa Brook. Canadian English grammar. In Kingsley Bolton (ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes. Wiley-Blackwell.
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2024 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Sociolinguistics in Canada. In Martin J. Ball and Rajend Mesthrie (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World (second edition), 28–38. Routledge.
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2023 [link]
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Marisa Brook and Keir Moulton. Locating the locative in English pseudo-locative where-relatives. In Łukasz Jędrzejowski and Carla Umbach (eds.), Non-Interrogative Subordinate WH-Clauses (Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics), 438–460. Oxford University Press.
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Invited book reviews
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in press
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Marisa Brook. Review: Benedikt Szmrecsanyi and Jason Grafmiller, Comparative variation analysis: Grammatical alternations in World Englishes. Journal of English Linguistics.
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2025 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Review: Emma Moore, Socio-syntax: Exploring the social life of grammar. English Language and Linguistics, 29(4), 857–862.
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Proceedings papers
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2021 [pdf]
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Marisa Brook and Keir Moulton. English pseudo-locative relatives with resumptives: Two acceptability studies. Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 56, 51–65.
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2017 [link]
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Marisa Brook. A two-tiered change in Canadian English: The emergence of a streamlined evidential system. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 23(2), Article 7.
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2014 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Comparative complementizers in Canadian English: Insights from early fiction. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 20(2), Article 2.
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2011 [pdf]
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Marisa Brook. One of those situations where a relative pronoun becomes a complementizer: A case of grammaticalization in progress...again. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Linguistic Association.
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Conference presentations and posters
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2026
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Matt Hunt Gardner, Katharina Pabst, and Marisa Brook (2026). 'Older and more mature': English comparative adjectives in a regional vernacular. Methods in Dialectology and Language Diversity XIX (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada – 4-7 August).
Marisa Brook. Traditions versus innovations: Inter-dialectal accommodation as social meaning in a small online group [poster]. Social Meaning and Grammar (Zürich, Switzerland – 10-11 February).
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2025
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Marisa Brook. Becoming a 'Treehouser': Identity, language, and power in a new social context. Linguistic Anthropology in Québec and Ontario (LAQuO)/Anthropologie Linguistique au Québec et en l’Ontario (ALQuO) (Kingston, Ontario, Canada – 26-27 September).
Marisa Brook. Proposing an online curated Q&A blog/repository for public questions [poster]. LingComm '25 (online – 7-10 April).
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2024
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Marisa Brook. Untangling the diachrony of variable used to: How many directions of change? ADS Annual Meeting 2024 (New York, New York, USA – 4-9 January 2024).
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2023
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Marisa Brook. Comparatives as relative-clause markers: When like licenses a gap. ADS Annual Meeting 2023 (Denver, Colorado, USA – 5-8 January 2023).
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2022
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Marisa Brook. Pretending it into existence: Syntactic change through the semantic-pragmatic back door. ADS Annual Meeting 2022 (online – 6-9 January 2022).
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2021
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Marisa Brook and Heike Pichler. Orthographic variation reflects constituency variation, am I right or amirite? Discourse-Pragmatic Variation and Change (DiPVaC) 5 (online – 14-16 December 2021).
Mirva Johnson and Marisa Brook. Language shift in a microcosm: Finnish-English bilingualism, contact, and substrate effects in Sointula, British Columbia. NWAV 49 (online – 19-24 October 2021).
Marisa Brook and Mirva Johnson. Substrate effects and diachrony: Back vowels during long-term language shift in a Finnish-Canadian enclave. LSA Annual Meeting 2021 (online – 7-10 January 2021).
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2020
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Emily Blamire and Marisa Brook. Very quick reversal: Rapid real-time change in Canadian English intensifiers. ADS Annual Meeting 2020 (New Orleans, Louisiana, USA – 2-5 January 2020).
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2019
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Emily Blamire, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Very surprising: A real-time analysis of Toronto intensifiers from 2016 through 2019. Change and Variation in Canada 11 (St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada – 14-15 May 2019).
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2018
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Marisa Brook. As if and as though in earlier spoken Canadian English: Register and the onset of change. NWAV 47 (New York, New York, USA – 18-21 October 2018).
Marisa Brook and Emily Blamire. The analysis of awesomeØ: Rule-governed nonstandardness at the edge of the grammar [poster]. NWAV 47 (New York, New York, USA – 18-21 October 2018).
Marisa Brook and Sali A. Tagliamonte. A woman who lives in the city has a sister that lives in a town: Subject relativizers in Canadian English. ICAME 39 (Tampere, Finland – 30 May-3 June 2018).
Marisa Brook and Emily Blamire. Constraints on awesomeØ: Rule-breaking and following at the edge of the standard grammar. Change and Variation in Canada 10 (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada – 4-5 May 2018).
Marisa Brook. Complementizer as if and as though in Canadian English: An enduring register effect? Cascadia Workshop in Sociolinguistics 3 (Portland, Oregon, USA – 13-14 April 2018).
Marisa Brook. Where the where things are: SKT constructions and the grammaticalization of pseudolocative where [poster]. LSA Annual Meeting 2018 (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA – 4-7 January 2018).
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2017
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Marisa Brook. I feel like and it feels like: Two paths to the emergence of epistemic markers. NWAV 46 (Madison, Wisconsin, USA – 2-5 November 2017).
Marisa Brook, Bridget Jankowski, Lex Konnelly, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Post-adolescent change in the individual: Early adulthood against the backdrop of the community. LSA Annual Meeting 2017 (Austin, Texas, USA – 5-8 January 2017).
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2016
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Marisa Brook. A two-tiered change in Canadian English: The emergence of a streamlined evidential system. NWAV 45 (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada – 3-6 November 2016).
Marisa Brook. This seems to be on the way out: Covariants of seem subordination in Canadian and British English. Change and Variation in Canada 9 (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada – 7-8 May 2016).
Sali A. Tagliamonte and Marisa Brook. Adaptive change in sociolinguistic typology: The case of relative who [poster]. LSA Annual Meeting 2016 (Washington, D.C., USA – 7-10 January 2016).
Matt Hunt Gardner, Derek Denis, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. From the bottom to the top of the S-curve: Be like and the Constant Rate Effect. LSA Annual Meeting 2016 (Washington, D.C., USA – 7-10 January 2016).
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2015
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Marisa Brook and Emily Blamire. Ness-less-ness: Zero-derived adjectival nominals in Internet forum data. NWAV 44 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 22-25 October 2015).
Sali A. Tagliamonte and Marisa Brook. Let's try and/to figure this out! Using spoken vernacular corpora to inform explanation. ICAME 36 (Trier, Germany – 27-31 May 2015).
Marisa Brook. Syntactic categories informing variationist analysis: The case of English copy-raising. LSA Annual Meeting 2015 (Portland, Oregon, USA – 8-11 January 2015).
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2014
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Marisa Brook. A peripheral view of a change from above: Prestige forms over time in a medium-sized community. NWAV 43 (Chicago, Illinois, USA – 23-26 October 2014).
Marisa Brook. A peripheral view of a change from above: Prestige forms over time in a medium-sized community. Change and Variation in Canada 8 (Kingston, Ontario, Canada – 31 May and 1 June 2014).
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2013
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Marisa Brook. Comparative complementizers in Canadian English: Insights from early fiction. NWAV 42 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA – 17-20 October 2013).
Matt Hunt Gardner, Derek Denis, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. The new global flow of linguistic influence: Be like at the saturation point. NWAV 42 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA – 17-20 October 2013).
Marisa Brook. Intersecting phonotactic restrictions and their perceptual effects. 2013 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Linguistics Association (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada – 1-3 June 2013).
Matt Hunt Gardner, Derek Denis, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. "I'm like, 'It’s different in York'": Real-time and apparent-time quotative trends in Toronto, Canada – and York, England. Change and Variation in Canada 7 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 4-5 May 2013).
Marisa Brook (2013). Effects of sonority and homorganicity on perception of biconsonantal onset clusters by speakers of English and Japanese. Montréal-Ottawa-Toronto Phonology Workshop (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada—15-17 March).
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2012
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Marisa Brook and Naomi Nagy. Speech-rate in two Toronto heritage languages. The Road Less Travelled (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 26-27 October 2012).
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2011
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Marisa Brook. One of those situations where a relative pronoun becomes a complementizer: A case of grammaticalization in progress...again. 2011 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Linguistics Association (Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada – 28-31 May 2011).
Marisa Brook. Looks like there's something interesting going on here. Change and Variation in Canada 5 (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada – 14-15 May 2011).
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2009
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Marisa Brook. One of those situations where a relative pronoun becomes a complementizer. Cornell Undergraduate Linguistics Colloquium 3 (Ithaca, New York, USA – 4-5 April 2009).
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Invited talks, guest lectures, and workshops
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2025
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Marisa Brook (2025). Language and time travel. Presentation for Shad Saint Mary’s 2025 (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada – 14 July 2025).
Marisa Brook (2025). Language change and why it's full of math. Presentation for visitors from Islands Consolidated School (Digby Neck), held at Saint Mary’s University (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada – 7 April 2025).
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2024
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Marisa Brook (2024). Untangling linguistic agitation. Halifax Nerd Nite 22 (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada – 2 December 2024).
Marisa Brook (2024). Accounting for the ruled-governed nature of language play. Department of English, University of Liverpool (Liverpool, England, UK – 14 May 2024).
Marisa Brook (2024). 'A certain lilt': The past and present of Finnish and English in Sointula, British Columbia. Department of English Language and Literature, Saint Mary's University (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada – 22 March 2024).
Marisa Brook (2024). Relative-clause markers like and such as: Untangling a sociosyntactic puzzle. Language and Society Research Group, University of Oxford (Oxford, England, UK – 16 February 2024).
Marisa Brook (2024). Extravagance, norms, and gradience: What language play can tell us about language change. Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Essex (Colchester, England, UK – 15 February 2024).
Marisa Brook (2024). Data organisation and descriptive statistics. LG595: Professional Development for Research Students, University of Essex (Colchester, England, UK – 10 February 2024).
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2023
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Marisa Brook (2023). Language play: Why linguistic rule-breaking is rule-governed. Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University (online – 20 April 2023).
Marisa Brook (2023). What language play tells us about language change. Department of Language and Linguistics Science, University of York (online – 4 April 2023).
Marisa Brook (2023). Explaining linguistic innovation: Unlocking the rule-governedness of rule breaking. Department of Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, York University (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 3 March 2023).
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2022
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Marisa Brook (2022). What is the relationship between language play and language variation and change? Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics, University of Southampton (online – 20 June 2022).
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Marisa Brook (2022). Language play and linguistic change: When rule-breaking is rule-governed. Keynote talk, Toronto Undergraduate Linguistics Conference (TULCON) 15 (online – 5-6 March 2022).
Marisa Brook (2022). English in Sointula: Tracing the dialectological history of a Finnish-Canadian enclave. Department of English Language and Literatures, University of British Columbia (online – 20 January 2022).
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2021
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Marisa Brook (2021). The role of gradience in morphosyntactic change: Implications for models of variation. Department of Languages, Cultures and Applied Linguistics, Birkbeck University of London (online – 13 July 2021).
Marisa Brook (2021). Envelopes of variation and morphosyntactic change: Towards an integrated view. Department of Language and Linguistic Science, University of York (online – 24 March 2021).
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2020
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Marisa Brook (2020). Linguistic bias and linguistic discrimination. Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE), University of Toronto Chapter (online – 30 November 2020).
Marisa Brook (2020). Zooming in and out: Gradience and overlap in co-variation. Society of Linguistics Undergraduate Students (SLUGS), University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 12 February 2020).
Marisa Brook (2020). Internal layers and external forces in defining envelopes of variation. Department of Linguistics, Queen Mary University of London (London, England, United Kingdom – 3 February 2020).
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2019
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Marisa Brook and Sali A. Tagliamonte (2019). City rels, country rels: Prestige and the urban-rural divide. Urban and Rural Language Research: Variation, Identity and Innovation (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 9-10 November 2019).
Marisa Brook and Keir Moulton (2019). Non-locative where-relatives. RelNomComp Workshop (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 19-20 June 2019).
Marisa Brook. Teenagers: Driving language change forward. REAL Institute/G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education, Ryerson University (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 7 March 2019).
Marisa Brook. Inside the envelope of variation: Is there internal structure? Department of Linguistics, Reed College (Portland, Oregon, USA – 1 March 2019).
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2018
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Marisa Brook. Chain reactions in morphosyntactic change: Towards a dynamic envelope of variation. School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics, University of Newcastle (Newcastle, England, United Kingdom – 13 June 2018).
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2017
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Marisa Brook. Language and ethnicity. Linguistics 495: Language Variation and Change, University of Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada – 6 November 2017).
Marisa Brook. Language and gender. Linguistics 495: Language Variation and Change, University of Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada – 12 October 2017).
Marisa Brook. Cascaded changes: The case of complementizer like in Canadian English. Linguistics Circle Colloquium Series, University of Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada – 28 September 2017).
Marisa Brook. Language and social class. Linguistics 495: Language Variation and Change, University of Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada – 18 September 2017).
Marisa Brook. The ins and outs of corpus analysis. Workshop for Great Lakes Expo for Experimental and Formal Undergraduate Linguistics (GLEEFUL) (East Lansing, Michigan, USA – 22-23 April 2017).
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2016
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Marisa Brook. Seems like subordination: Morphosyntactic change on two levels and its implications for evidential expressions. Michigan State University Linguistics Colloquium (East Lansing, Michigan, USA – 6 October 2016).
Marisa Brook. This seems to be on the way out: Covariants of seem subordination in Canadian and British English. Department of Linguistics and English Language, University of Manchester (online – 23 May 2016).
Marisa Brook. Clara's comparative complementizers: A case-study perspective amidst a two-level change in the community. Linguistics 1256: Advanced Language Variation II, University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 22 February 2016).
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2015
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Marisa Brook. Not so co-relative: The past and present of restrictive who and that in Toronto and Belleville, Ontario. Symposium of Graduate Research on Canadian English, Queen's University (Kingston, Ontario, Canada – 18 November 2015).
Marisa Brook. Relatively distinct: Localized loss of prestige on the periphery of urban Canadian English. Linguistics 202: Canadian English, Queen's University (Kingston, Ontario, Canada – 12 March 2015).
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2014
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Marisa Brook (2014). Comparative complementizers in Canadian English: Insights from early fiction. Linguistics 1256: Advanced Language Variation II, University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 13 March 2014).
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2013
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Matt Hunt Gardner, Derek Denis, Marisa Brook, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. Be like at the saturation point: What large-scale student research projects can discover. University of Toronto Society of Linguistics Undergraduates (SLUGS) (Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 21 November 2013).
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Media appearances
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2019 [link]
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Francesca Gillett. Has Meghan’s accent changed since marrying Prince Harry? BBC, 17 February 2019.
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2018
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Kathy O'Reilly. Linguists study Finnish, English language influences. North Island Eagle, 2(23), 20 July 2018.
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[link]
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Christine Ro. How Americans preserved British English. BBC, 8 February 2018.
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2016 [link]
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Marisa Brook and Christine Ro. The king's letters. Damn Interesting, 8 August 2016.
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2015 [link]
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Rich Smith. I feel like we say 'I feel like' all the time: The origins and virtues of one of English's most popular qualifiers. The Stranger, 15 July 2015.
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2007 [link]
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Marisa Brook. Jaw of life [letter]. The Globe and Mail, 14 August 2007.
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2006 [link]
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Marisa Brook. The birth of a language. Damn Interesting, 3 November 2006.
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